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Compare Spratly Islands (2008) - Nauru (2008)

Compare Spratly Islands (2008) z Nauru (2008)

 Spratly Islands (2008)Nauru (2008)
 Spratly IslandsNauru
Administrative divisions - 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure - 0-14 years: 36.4% (male 2,508/female 2,410)


15-64 years: 61.6% (male 4,111/female 4,224)


65 years and over: 2% (male 144/female 131) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products - coconuts
Airports 3 (2007) 1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
-
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
total: 21 sq km


land: 21 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative NA about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear, since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific. The island was annexed by Germany in 1888 and its phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium. Nauru was occupied by Australian forces in World War I and subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved its independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic.
Birth rate - 24.47 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget - revenues: $13.5 million


expenditures: $13.5 million (2005)
Capital - no official capital; government offices in Yaren District


time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 926 km 30 km
Constitution - 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
conventional long form: Republic of Nauru


conventional short form: Nauru


local long form: Republic of Nauru


local short form: Nauru


former: Pleasant Island
Death rate - 6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external - $33.3 million (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US - the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Vinci Niel CLODUMAR


chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 937-0074


FAX: [1] (212) 937-0079


consulate(s): Agana (Guam)
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands none
Economic aid - recipient - $20 million mostly from Australia (2005)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, now significantly depleted. An Australian company in 2005 entered into an agreement intended to exploit remaining supplies. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. In 2005, the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continued to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption - 27.9 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production - 30 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues NA limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates - Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - President Ludwig SCOTTY defeated in a no confidence vote in parliament on 19 December 2007


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 19 December 2007 (next to be held in 2010)


election results: NA
Exports - 0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities - phosphates
Exports - partners - South Africa 63.7%, South Korea 7.6%, Canada 6.6% (2006)
Fiscal year - 1 July - 30 June
Flag description - blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Heliports 3 (2007) -
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - 1,023 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities - food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners - South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2006)
Independence - 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Infant mortality rate - total: 9.6 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 12.07 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - -3.6% (1993)
International organization participation - ACP, ADB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Irrigated land 0 sq km NA
Judicial branch - Supreme Court
Labor force - by occupation - note: employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation (1992)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
Languages - Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system - acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 25 August 2007 (next to be held in 2010)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 18; note - 15 of 18 incumbents reelected
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 63.44 years


male: 59.85 years


female: 67.21 years (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims NA territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches - no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force (2008)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA
National holiday - Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality - noun: Nauruan(s)


adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard periodic droughts
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential phosphates, fish
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal); Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; note - loose multiparty system
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states
13,528 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.781% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.041 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.973 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.099 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage - 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system - general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities


domestic: NA


international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 1,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 1,500 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (1997)
Terrain flat sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate - 3.02 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate - 90% (2004 est.)
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